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GLADSTONE MLA STYLE SHEET
http://gladstone.vsb.bc.ca/library/mla.htm |
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· On a separate last page of your assignment entitled BIBLIOGRAPHY, list every source in alphabetical order. (Slightly different rules apply to a Works Cited or Works Consulted page.)
· If no author is given, alphabetize by the first word in the title. Ignore the words “The,” “A,” or “An” when you are alphabetizing by title. Items in a bibliography are not numbered.
· Single space each entry. Double space between entries.
· Use “hanging indent” (wraparound lines are indented 5 or more spaces to the right of the first line in the citation) paragraph format feature; see sample citations included in the “BIBLIOGRAPHY” at the end of this Style Sheet.
· Pay careful attention to the way a citation is formatted: copy the punctuation, italics, quotation marks, and order of information exactly.
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Rule to Remember: Punctuate exactly as shown. The information should appear in exactly this order: Author’s last name, first name or initials. Title of Book. Place of publication: publishing company, date of publication. |
Krakauer, Jon. Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster. New York: Anchor Books, 1997.
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Rule to Remember: Cite the books in alphabetical order as though the word “The” is not there. Use the same format as “Book with one author,” above, but replace the autbor’s name in the second entry with dashes. |
LeCarré, John. The Russia House. Markham, ON: Viking, 1989.
---. The Secret Pilgrim. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.
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Rule to Remember: The authors’ names go in the same order as they are listed on the book’s title page. The first author’s name is inverted but the others are not. |
Strunk, Jr., William, and E.B. White. The Elements of Style. New York: Macmillan, 1972.
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Rule to Remember: Where a group of writers contribute to a book, you can use only the first one’s name and use the Latin expression et al, meaning “and others,” in place of the names of the rest. |
Belenky, Mary F., et al. Women’s Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
Book with Editor(s)
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Rule to Remember: The only difference between a book with one or more authors and a book with one or more editors is that there is a comma after the name(s) and then the abbreviation “ed.” or “eds.” is used to indicate that the work is edited or compiled, as opposed to written, by one or more people. |
Lee, Bennett, and Jim Wong-Chu, eds. Many-Mouthed Birds: Contemporary Writing by Chinese Canadians. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1991.
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Rules to Remember: The book listed below would be included in the Bibliography page under N for National Geographic because there is no author listed. The edition number is important as, in this case, geographic information could change from one edition to the next and so needs to be referenced to the correct edition. |
The National Geographic Atlas of the World. 7th ed. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 1999.
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Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Selection.” Title of Volume or Collection. If there is one or more editor: Editor(s) names, Ed(s). Place: Publisher, Date of Publication. Pages of the selection. |
Kingsolver, Barbara. “Survival Zones.” Homeland and Other Stories. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993. 100-18.
Wachtel, Eleanor. “Speechless.” Dropped Threads: What We Aren’t Told. Eds. Carol Shields and Marjorie Anderson. Toronto: Vintage, 2001. 233-7.
Outdoor Canada Magazine Staff Writer. “Running Risks.” Inside Essays II. Ed. Douglas Hilker. Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993. 200-11.
Kilcher, Jewel. “A Slow Disease.” a night without armor: poems. New York: Harper Collins, 1998. 68.
Youngs, Bettie B. “Paint Brush.” Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: 101 Stories of Life, Love and Learning. Eds. Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Kimberly Kirberger. Deerfield Beach, Fla.: Health Communications, Inc., 1997. 153-4.
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Rules to Remember: If there is an author’s name at the end of the article, start with author’s last name, then first name or initials. If no author is listed, begin with the “Title of the article” you consulted. Then list the Title of the Encyclopedia. Include the edition or year of publication. If it is a very familiar encyclopedia, you need to cite less information than if it is less familiar. World Book is an example of a familiar encyclopedia; The Canadian Encyclopedia is less familiar. |
“The Cold War.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2002 ed.
Howe, Gordon. “Hockey.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.
Harris, R. Cole. “Regionalism.” The Canadian Encyclopedia. Ed. James H. Marsh. 4 vols. Edmonton, Alberta: Hurtig, 1988.
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Rule to Remember: Journals and magazines often are referenced by volumes representing a particular year. The “13” in the citation below indicates that it was the 13th issue in the set for the year 2001, or Volume 160. Also include the page or pages of the article. |
Perkins, Sid. “Dust, the Thermostat.” Science News. Vol. 160 (13). 29 September 2001. 200-2.
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Writer’s last name, first name. “Article title.” Newspaper or Magazine Title. Date article was published. Page no. |
Campbell, Alison. “We’re off to see the wizard.” The Vancouver Sun. 9 November 2001. F1.
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If you have used a multi-volume reference work, include the volume number. |
Baker, Howard. “Frostbite and Frostnip.” The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1999. 1222-4.
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The title of the particular episode is in quotation marks. The director’s name is included, where available. The TV Series or Film Title. The producers. The date the program was aired. |
“Teased.” Dir. Burt Brinkerhoff. Seventh Heaven. Warner Brothers. 1 October 2001.
“Lost on Everest.” NOVA. PBS. 18 January 2000.
Valli, Eric, dir. Himalaya. Producer Jacques Perrin. Kino International. 2001.
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Video Title. Type of media. The producer or publisher, the year of production. |
Over Beautiful BC: An Aerial Adventure. Videocassette. Beautiful British Columbia Magazine, in association KCTS Television, 1996.
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Artist. Work Title. Gallery or Museum Name, Location of Gallery or Museum. |
Da Vinci, Leonardo. Mona Lisa. Louvre Museum, Paris.
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Last name, first name of person interviewed. Technique used to gather interview information. Date of contact. |
McPherson, S. Personal interview. 15 November 2001.
Martens, J. Electronic interview. 28 September 2003.
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Speaker’s name. “Title of Lecture.” Place of lecture or speaking engagement. Date of lecture. |
Odegaard, Donald. “The Inside Story on Climbing.” Gladstone Secondary School, Vancouver. 5 November 2001.
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Title. Type of Media. Place of production: Name of Production Company, Year of production. Or, if the reference is to a particular piece within a reference “volume” in CD-ROM format, use the following format: Author’s last name, first name, if available. “Title of Piece.” Title of CD-ROM. Type of Media. Place: Company, Year. |
Brashears, David. “The Siren Song of Everest.” The Complete National Geographic: 110 Years. CD-ROM. Washington, DC: National Geographic Interactive, 1888-1999.
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Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal or Magazine or Newspaper. Publication date. Date you accessed the article online. <the internet address where article can be accessed, also called its URL> |
Bishop, Barry. “How We Climbed Everest.” National Geographic. October 1963. 11 November 2001. <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explore/classic/>
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Author’s last name, first name. “Article Title.” Journal Title. Volume:Issue (Date first published): page number(s) and number of pages. Online. Name of Database Service used to access article. Place of access. Date of access. |
Chang, Marie L. “Wild Everest: Over the Top!” Science World. 54.10 (Feb. 23, 1998): 8. 7 pp. Online. Infotrac: Student Edition. Gladstone Secondary School, Vancouver. 11 November 2001.
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Author’s or artist’s or creator’s last name, first name, if available. “Title or description of web page, document, or image, if applicable.” Title of Website. Date last modified. (If it is an image, specify: Online image.) Sponsor or production company. Date of access or download. <URL> |
Everest, the Film. Macgillivray Freeman Films. 1997. 11 November 2001. <http://www.everestfilm.com/nonshocked.html>
“National Public Radio’s story on Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay’s Everest Ascent.” National Geographic Classic Adventures. Audio Clip. Undated. 11 November 2001.
<http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explore/classic/> and
< http://www.npr.org/ramfiles/me/19990621.me.16.ram>
“Behind the Scenes: Sherpa Culture.” Everest, the Film. Macgillivray Freeman Films. 1997. 11 November 2001. <http://www.everestfilm.com/sherpa_frame.html>
Foll, Scott. Big Dog Grammar: MLA Quick Style Guide. 1998. 11 November 2001. <http://gabiscott.com/bigdog/mla.htm>
British Columbia. Ministry of Education. “English Language Arts 11 and 12 Learning Outcomes.” 1996. 11 November 2001. <http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/irp/curric/lae1112.htm#11>
O’Connor, Terry. “Corfield Summits.” Dispatch from Everest to nationalgeographic.com. 19 May 1999. <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/everest/dispatch_0519.html>
Ekdahl, M. “Everest Websites.” E-mail to L. Mousseau. 11 November 2001.
Example of a Works Cited page:
Baker, Howard. “Frostbite and Frostnip.” The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1999. 1222-4.
“Behind the Scenes: Sherpa Culture.” Everest, the Film. Macgillivray Freeman Films. 1997. 11 November 2001. <http://www.everestfilm.com/sherpa_frame.html>
Chang, Marie L. “Wild Everest: Over the Top!” Science World. 54.10 (Feb. 23, 1998): 8. 7 pp. Online. Infotrac: Student Edition. Gladstone Secondary School, Vancouver. 11 November 2001
Ekdahl, M. “Everest Websites.” E-mail to L. Mousseau. 11 November 2001.
Everest, the Film. Macgillivray Freeman Films. 1997. 11 November 2001. <http://www.everestfilm.com/nonshocked.html
Krakauer, Jon. Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster. New York: Anchor Books, 1997.
The National Geographic Atlas of the World. 7th ed. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 1999.
“National Public Radio’s story on Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay’s Everest Ascent.” National Geographic Classic Adventures. Audio Clip. Undated. 11 November 2001. <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explore/classic/> and
< http://www.npr.org/ramfiles/me/19990621.me.16.ram>
O’Connor, Terry. “Corfield Summits.” Dispatch from Everest to nationalgeographic.com. 19 May 1999. <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/everest/dispatch_0519.html>
The
Gladstone Style Sheet is abridged and based on MLA STYLE as described in
Furberg, Jon and Richard Hopkins. Canada’s Style Sheet. 5th Edition.
49th Avenue Press: Langara College, Vancouver, 2000.
Criteria |
Beginning (0-4) |
Developing (5-6) |
Accomplished (7-8) |
Exemplary (9-10) |
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Completeness Order of Information
Rules: Variety of resources
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· Incomplete or not handed in. · Information is not in order. · Needs to review format rules for punctuation, spacing, alphabetical order, indentation · Relies on only one type of resource for research |
· A few items missing. · Some details not in order. · Bibliography entries are mostly correct but students needs to review format rules for some recurring problems. · Uses two types of resources, but tends to rely on one type of resource. |
· Complete. · Occasional small errors. · Mostly correct bibliography entries. · Uses a reasonable variety of resources. |
· Complete · No errors · Correct bibliography entries · Highly resourceful student uses broad range of resources |
INTEGRATING QUOTATIONS AND PARAPHRASING OTHERS’ IDEAS
The guidelines presented here are adapted from Joseph Gibaldi’s Handbook
(MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. NY: The Modern Languages Association, 1999)
· When used carefully, quotations are often the best way to capture particularly well-worded or aptly-described ideas. Beware of over-quoting (either using too many or too long a quote). Writers run the risk of boring their readers (Gibaldi 80).
· A quotation of four lines or less can simply be integrated into the body of the essay within quotation marks.
· The quoted words need not be an entire sentence but they need to be integrated into the flow of a complete and grammatically correct sentence; they should not disrupt it or confuse the reader.
· Here’s the rule for quotations longer than four lines:
If a quotation runs to more than four lines in your paper, set it off from your text by beginning a new line, indenting one inch [. . .] from the left margin, and typing it double-spaced, without adding quotations marks. A colon generally introduces a quotation displayed in this way [. . .]. If you quote only a single paragraph or part of one, do not indent the first line more than the rest. (Gibaldi 81-82)
· Ellipsis is the term used for omission of words from the original text. Omission is shown with [. . .], three spaced periods in square brackets (Gibaldi 85-86). Some examples are given in the paragraph above. If the ellipsis comes at the end of the sentence, a period follows the closing square bracket.
· When you choose to omit words, Gibaldi states that you should never change the intended meaning nor detract from the grammatical quality of what has been written (86).
· No changes should be made to the quotation. Copy it exactly: spelling, capitalization, and interior punctuation must be as found in the original source. Consider paraphrasing the source, rather than quoting it, if that makes it easier to integrate the ideas into a clear, correct, and concise sentence.
PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS
· To use information ethically, you need to cite your sources in order to make it clear to the reader whenever the idea, words, facts or other “intellectual property” (such as images) has been taken from another source (Gibaldi 204).
· In the “olden days,” these citations were called footnotes because they were often found at the bottom of the page in numbered order. Today, inn the Information Age, the process of identifying ideas that are not original has been made simpler, briefer, and more efficient. You will use parenthetical citations, according to the MLA Rules:
· They are called “parenthetical” because they are in brackets at a sentence break before the sentence-ending punctuation and right after you have finished using the source material.
· The information in the brackets most commonly identifies the author’s last name and the page(s) you found your information, as in the example of Gibaldi (204).
· The information you are reading is based on ideas garnered from a book by Gibaldi, as cited at the top of this page. The number (204) in the parenthetical citation above is all that is required because the author’s name has been used in the sentence. The key is to be both brief and very specific: how little does it take to direct the reader to the right page of the right source?
· You would consult the Bibliography at the end of the paper to find the work by Gibaldi (its title, the publisher, the place and year of publication, and so on). If you have used the author’s name in the text of your essay, as in the sentence about Gibaldi above (204), you need only put the page number(s) in an adjacent position.
